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- • HrfffihinbQpjn- Vartanantz Remembered ami ■ by Greg Eritizian Staff Writer The religious feast of Sl Vnunantz was just recently celebrated Una February in both the Armenian Apostolic (Orthodox) and Armenian Protestant Churches. Its date was Thursday February 11 this year but the feast may have been observed on the following or previous Sunday, for practical purposes. This feast is dedicated to General Vartan Mamigonian and the soldiers martyred during the battle of Avarair in 451 A.D.. which was a holy war of the Armenians against the Sasaman (Dynasty) Persians who were trying to force the conversion of the Armenians from Christianity to ZoroasOnanism (fire worship) in order to hornageni7e their The prelude of this particular war with the Sasanian Persians has its roots in the conflict of the two "super powers" of the world, the Roman and Persian Empires, during the later 4th century A.D. During the 360s Armenia became the battle front between the two powers. The Armenian kingdom (Arshaguni Dynasty) of this era under King Arshag however pledged its allegiance to the Roman Emperor Julius for the reason thai Rome had been a Christian empire since the proclamation of Christianity by the Roman Emperor Consuntine in 323. The Armenians also shared the same faith, being the first Christian nation in the world in 301 A.D.. through lhe evangelization of St. Gregory the Illuminator. Because ihe Persians were Zoroastrian. it was to the Armenian religious and political advantage to ally themselves with ihe Romans. During the Roman-Persian battles of 363 A.D . Rome's Eastern advance was halted by the Persians at the bordeT of ihe Tigris river. A treaty was signed partitioning this natural border giving all Armenian lands west of it lo the Romans and all lhe land east of it to the Persians. This treaty was concluded in 384. This treaty meant however that an overwhelming majority of Armenian lands and pojxilsracm became subject to the Persian rule/The Persians allowed the Armenian monarchy to exist as an autonomous branch of the Persian empire, which usually but not always granted religious tolerance. The Armenian throne however was finally abolished in 428 by the Persians upon lhe recommendation of the Armenian nobles. The governing system, known as ihe Nakhaxar system, continued but now one of the Nakharars was chosen as Marzban (governor) and was responsible to the Persian king. In order to consolidaie his empire. King Yazdigen II of Persia decided that his empire should be homogeneous in religious beliefs. King Yazdigen D also thought he would obtain favor by glorifying the God of Zoroaster by abolishing the "false creeds" of Christianity and bringing the followers lo lhe true God. The King at first did not want to use military force and the sword to convert the Armenians, not because he ws a nice guy, but because the land of Armenia was rich and the population acted as a buffer zone between Persia and the Byzantine, Eastern Roman Empire). To help convince the Armenians to convert, oppressive property and personal taxes were imposed on them. At Artashat in 449 the Nakharars and prominent clergy held a council io decide their religious fate. The council decided that they would keep their Christian faith even though torture and death. King Yazdigen II became furious and called the Nakharars, led by Vaxtan Mamigonian and Vasak Siuni, and other dignitaries to the Persian capital of Ctesiphon, and gave the delegation an ultimatum. They were to kneel to the Great Sun God, or else their families would be kidnapped and the Persian army would wreak havoc demolishing the churches and the country. The delegation did bow down and agreed to conven their countrymen in order to buy time from lhe king. On lhe way back to Armenia, 700 Zoroastrian magi were sent with them as missionaries. However, these 700 missionaries were beaten and clubbed by The Armenian Film Foundation with the Cooperation of the .Armenian Studies Program of California State University, Fresno Cordially Invitea You To A Benefit Premiere Showing of three of J. Michael Hagopian's new film productions MANDATE FOR ARMENIA CILICIA,.. REBIRTH Excerpts from LEGACY Sunday, April 17,1988 at 4:00 n.m. Cham-Han Stables 7583 North Van Ness Blvd. Fresno, California Donations: $10.00 per person Reception following showing. Ticket* raaujbfck ■* gg feffi a band of Armenian peasants led by Ghevond the priest. The Armenians now armed themselves and preyed for the inevitable invasion of the Persian army. The Armenian Army consisted of three regiments headed by Nershapuh, Vasak and Vartan who had the rank of general in the Persian army and whose family had a tradition of military leadership. Vartan was victorious at firsi, but he could not obtain help from other Christian Byzantines because of their fear of King Attilla the Hun. In the course of the early battles in 450. Vasak and his 40,000 troops broke away from the Armenian regiments and siezed Armenian lands for the Persians. They demolished many Armenian churches. kidnapped many clergy and Mamigonian nobility, exiling them to Persia. In response. General Vartan retreated and sent an appeal to the Persian king that Armenians would accept Persian political and economic rule and become loyal to the Persian throne providing they could retain their Christian faith and worship freely. The King accepted this proposal however in the spring of 451 and the Persians resumed the offensive. The Armenian army had four wings consisting of 66.000 men. The Persian army on the other hand consisted of 300.000 soldiers including an elephant herd carrying and iron tower with archers and observations posts. On May 26, 451, the eve of Pentecost, General Vartan prepared his troops for battle by reading to them from the Bible followed by a sermon from the priest Ghevond who then baptized those soldiers who were receiving religious instructions and then offered the Holy ComrnuTiion to the army. It was on the plain of Avarair where these iwo armies clashed. Although the fighting was fierce, because of the nature of the combat, mainly one on one, except for lhe archers. 1,036 Armenians were killed and 3,544 Persians were killed. However many of the Armenian Nakharars perished including General Vartan. Because of the fall of Vartan Mamigonian. the troops losi organization and without his leadership fled The PenruM had strategically won the battle tn* use Persian king had sen t the Armenian* a notice that if the army discontinued fighting, die Persians would permit free Chrisdn worship. King Yazdigerd II did fulfill the promise that tune but more than likely didn't send troop* to religiously persocase die Armenians again because he was suffering other military de feats on tbe northern portion of his empire Hid couldn't sacrifice tying up his troops in Armenia. The Armenian spirit however was not dampened because Vahan Mamigonian. V man's nephew, continued to lead the Armenians in guerilla warfare against the Persians until the Armenians regained autonomy in the Persian Empire. This was after he had been previously militarily and politically fomuliated by the Persian empire. Armenian became autonomous under Persian rule tn 485 with Vahan Mamigonian ruling as head governor of Armenia from 485-505. The Armenian monarchy however wasn't reinstated until 885 with the Bagratid dynasty. The Persian Empire fell in 652 and this was followed by Arab dominatiori of Armenia. Armenians remember Vartanantz and the martyrs because if they had succumbed to the wishes of the Persian king (conversion to Zoroastrianism). Armenians would mace than likely not be a Christian people today. They probably would have been forced to convert to Islam as did the Zoroastrian Persians after ihe Arab invasions during the 7th to the 9th centuries. Go to Church! The William Saroyan Committee has recently been spearheading efforts to honor the late author through historical landmarks and other activities. In the photo at left, Ben Amirkhanian, Chairman cf the Saroyan Committee is speaking athe festivities marking the placing ofa plaque at the home on El Monte avenue. inwhicH Saroyan lived from 1921 to 1927. To the left of Amirkhanian is Al Garbedian afrequest participant in Saroyan events. The plaque honoring Saroyan is seen to the right of the picture. I Fourth Annual WilliamSon^ Sporatc<*d by The North Fr*v» Mareftaro Assn Afano* tor 0*i Am and Tha Frwno Bee Ban ArrwWianan. Ofarman 9X Eaat Y>* FMna CA 93704 1988 Sunday, May I- April 15-May 30 May 2 Deadline May 10 and 11 Saturday, May 21 Monday, May 23 Concert 3:00 pm Dedication of the Saroyan Monument SW corner Courthouse Park Gallery 25 Saroyan art exhibit ' May 8- Special reception 2:00-5:00 pm Gallery boors 1:00-3:00 pm Fridays 1:00-4:00 pm Saturdays 1:00-6:00 pm Sundays William Saroyan Writing Contest "The Human Comedy", motion picture 9:30 am to 11:30 am in the Tower Theater $1.00 per student and duperone William Saroyan Walk at 10:00 am 7:00 pm-8:30 pm Saroyan-in-the-Park-Band Admission Free, Woodward Park.
Object Description
Title | 1988_03 The Daily Collegian March 1988 |
Alternative Title | Daily Collegian (California State University, Fresno) |
Publisher | Associated Students of Fresno State, Fresno, Calif. |
Publication Date | 1988 |
Description | Daily (except weekends) during the school year. Microfilm. Palo Alto, Calif. : BMI Library Microfilms, 1986- microfilm reels ; 35 mm. Vol.1, no.1 (Feb 8, 1922)- |
Subject | California State University, Fresno -- Periodicals. |
Contributors | Assocated Students of Fresno State. |
Coverage | Vol.1, no.1 (Feb 8, 1922)- to present |
Format | Microfilm reels, 35 mm. |
Technical Information | Scanned at 600 dpi; TIFF; Microfilm ScanPro 2000 "E-image data" |
Language | eng |
Description
Title | Hye Sharzhoom, Page 7 |
Alternative Title | Daily Collegian (California State University, Fresno) |
Publisher | Associated Students of Fresno State, Fresno, Calif. |
Publication Date | 1988 |
Description | Daily (except weekends) during the school year. Microfilm. Palo Alto, Calif. : BMI Library Microfilms, 1986- microfilm reels ; 35 mm. Vol.1, no.1 (Feb 8, 1922)- |
Subject | California State University, Fresno -- Periodicals. |
Contributors | Assocated Students of Fresno State. |
Coverage | Vol.1, no.1 (Feb 8, 1922)- to present |
Format | Microfilm reels, 35 mm. |
Technical Information | Scanned at 600 dpi; TIFF; Microfilm ScanPro 2000 "E-image data" |
Language | eng |
Full-Text-Search | - • HrfffihinbQpjn- Vartanantz Remembered ami ■ by Greg Eritizian Staff Writer The religious feast of Sl Vnunantz was just recently celebrated Una February in both the Armenian Apostolic (Orthodox) and Armenian Protestant Churches. Its date was Thursday February 11 this year but the feast may have been observed on the following or previous Sunday, for practical purposes. This feast is dedicated to General Vartan Mamigonian and the soldiers martyred during the battle of Avarair in 451 A.D.. which was a holy war of the Armenians against the Sasaman (Dynasty) Persians who were trying to force the conversion of the Armenians from Christianity to ZoroasOnanism (fire worship) in order to hornageni7e their The prelude of this particular war with the Sasanian Persians has its roots in the conflict of the two "super powers" of the world, the Roman and Persian Empires, during the later 4th century A.D. During the 360s Armenia became the battle front between the two powers. The Armenian kingdom (Arshaguni Dynasty) of this era under King Arshag however pledged its allegiance to the Roman Emperor Julius for the reason thai Rome had been a Christian empire since the proclamation of Christianity by the Roman Emperor Consuntine in 323. The Armenians also shared the same faith, being the first Christian nation in the world in 301 A.D.. through lhe evangelization of St. Gregory the Illuminator. Because ihe Persians were Zoroastrian. it was to the Armenian religious and political advantage to ally themselves with ihe Romans. During the Roman-Persian battles of 363 A.D . Rome's Eastern advance was halted by the Persians at the bordeT of ihe Tigris river. A treaty was signed partitioning this natural border giving all Armenian lands west of it lo the Romans and all lhe land east of it to the Persians. This treaty was concluded in 384. This treaty meant however that an overwhelming majority of Armenian lands and pojxilsracm became subject to the Persian rule/The Persians allowed the Armenian monarchy to exist as an autonomous branch of the Persian empire, which usually but not always granted religious tolerance. The Armenian throne however was finally abolished in 428 by the Persians upon lhe recommendation of the Armenian nobles. The governing system, known as ihe Nakhaxar system, continued but now one of the Nakharars was chosen as Marzban (governor) and was responsible to the Persian king. In order to consolidaie his empire. King Yazdigen II of Persia decided that his empire should be homogeneous in religious beliefs. King Yazdigen D also thought he would obtain favor by glorifying the God of Zoroaster by abolishing the "false creeds" of Christianity and bringing the followers lo lhe true God. The King at first did not want to use military force and the sword to convert the Armenians, not because he ws a nice guy, but because the land of Armenia was rich and the population acted as a buffer zone between Persia and the Byzantine, Eastern Roman Empire). To help convince the Armenians to convert, oppressive property and personal taxes were imposed on them. At Artashat in 449 the Nakharars and prominent clergy held a council io decide their religious fate. The council decided that they would keep their Christian faith even though torture and death. King Yazdigen II became furious and called the Nakharars, led by Vaxtan Mamigonian and Vasak Siuni, and other dignitaries to the Persian capital of Ctesiphon, and gave the delegation an ultimatum. They were to kneel to the Great Sun God, or else their families would be kidnapped and the Persian army would wreak havoc demolishing the churches and the country. The delegation did bow down and agreed to conven their countrymen in order to buy time from lhe king. On lhe way back to Armenia, 700 Zoroastrian magi were sent with them as missionaries. However, these 700 missionaries were beaten and clubbed by The Armenian Film Foundation with the Cooperation of the .Armenian Studies Program of California State University, Fresno Cordially Invitea You To A Benefit Premiere Showing of three of J. Michael Hagopian's new film productions MANDATE FOR ARMENIA CILICIA,.. REBIRTH Excerpts from LEGACY Sunday, April 17,1988 at 4:00 n.m. Cham-Han Stables 7583 North Van Ness Blvd. Fresno, California Donations: $10.00 per person Reception following showing. Ticket* raaujbfck ■* gg feffi a band of Armenian peasants led by Ghevond the priest. The Armenians now armed themselves and preyed for the inevitable invasion of the Persian army. The Armenian Army consisted of three regiments headed by Nershapuh, Vasak and Vartan who had the rank of general in the Persian army and whose family had a tradition of military leadership. Vartan was victorious at firsi, but he could not obtain help from other Christian Byzantines because of their fear of King Attilla the Hun. In the course of the early battles in 450. Vasak and his 40,000 troops broke away from the Armenian regiments and siezed Armenian lands for the Persians. They demolished many Armenian churches. kidnapped many clergy and Mamigonian nobility, exiling them to Persia. In response. General Vartan retreated and sent an appeal to the Persian king that Armenians would accept Persian political and economic rule and become loyal to the Persian throne providing they could retain their Christian faith and worship freely. The King accepted this proposal however in the spring of 451 and the Persians resumed the offensive. The Armenian army had four wings consisting of 66.000 men. The Persian army on the other hand consisted of 300.000 soldiers including an elephant herd carrying and iron tower with archers and observations posts. On May 26, 451, the eve of Pentecost, General Vartan prepared his troops for battle by reading to them from the Bible followed by a sermon from the priest Ghevond who then baptized those soldiers who were receiving religious instructions and then offered the Holy ComrnuTiion to the army. It was on the plain of Avarair where these iwo armies clashed. Although the fighting was fierce, because of the nature of the combat, mainly one on one, except for lhe archers. 1,036 Armenians were killed and 3,544 Persians were killed. However many of the Armenian Nakharars perished including General Vartan. Because of the fall of Vartan Mamigonian. the troops losi organization and without his leadership fled The PenruM had strategically won the battle tn* use Persian king had sen t the Armenian* a notice that if the army discontinued fighting, die Persians would permit free Chrisdn worship. King Yazdigerd II did fulfill the promise that tune but more than likely didn't send troop* to religiously persocase die Armenians again because he was suffering other military de feats on tbe northern portion of his empire Hid couldn't sacrifice tying up his troops in Armenia. The Armenian spirit however was not dampened because Vahan Mamigonian. V man's nephew, continued to lead the Armenians in guerilla warfare against the Persians until the Armenians regained autonomy in the Persian Empire. This was after he had been previously militarily and politically fomuliated by the Persian empire. Armenian became autonomous under Persian rule tn 485 with Vahan Mamigonian ruling as head governor of Armenia from 485-505. The Armenian monarchy however wasn't reinstated until 885 with the Bagratid dynasty. The Persian Empire fell in 652 and this was followed by Arab dominatiori of Armenia. Armenians remember Vartanantz and the martyrs because if they had succumbed to the wishes of the Persian king (conversion to Zoroastrianism). Armenians would mace than likely not be a Christian people today. They probably would have been forced to convert to Islam as did the Zoroastrian Persians after ihe Arab invasions during the 7th to the 9th centuries. Go to Church! The William Saroyan Committee has recently been spearheading efforts to honor the late author through historical landmarks and other activities. In the photo at left, Ben Amirkhanian, Chairman cf the Saroyan Committee is speaking athe festivities marking the placing ofa plaque at the home on El Monte avenue. inwhicH Saroyan lived from 1921 to 1927. To the left of Amirkhanian is Al Garbedian afrequest participant in Saroyan events. The plaque honoring Saroyan is seen to the right of the picture. I Fourth Annual WilliamSon^ Sporatc<*d by The North Fr*v» Mareftaro Assn Afano* tor 0*i Am and Tha Frwno Bee Ban ArrwWianan. Ofarman 9X Eaat Y>* FMna CA 93704 1988 Sunday, May I- April 15-May 30 May 2 Deadline May 10 and 11 Saturday, May 21 Monday, May 23 Concert 3:00 pm Dedication of the Saroyan Monument SW corner Courthouse Park Gallery 25 Saroyan art exhibit ' May 8- Special reception 2:00-5:00 pm Gallery boors 1:00-3:00 pm Fridays 1:00-4:00 pm Saturdays 1:00-6:00 pm Sundays William Saroyan Writing Contest "The Human Comedy", motion picture 9:30 am to 11:30 am in the Tower Theater $1.00 per student and duperone William Saroyan Walk at 10:00 am 7:00 pm-8:30 pm Saroyan-in-the-Park-Band Admission Free, Woodward Park. |