Jan 30, 1985 Pg. 4- Jan 30, 1985 Uhuru Pg. 1 |
Previous | 23 of 29 | Next |
|
|
This page
All
|
Loading content ...
4 The Daily Collegian News Campus sexism 'even worse' out of class (CPS) — College \ worse" campus sexisrr room than they do ii college group claimed. Discrimination aganist female college students by male faculty and administra¬ tors extends beyond the classroom and may be more career-damaging than in- class sex bias, the group's new report In fact, sex discrimination in financial aid offices, and in career counseling and employment centers can cause women to "lose confidence, lower their academic goals and limit their academic goals and limit their career choices," study authors Roberta M. Hall and Bernice R. Sandler claimed. The study, sponsored by the Associa¬ tion of American Colleges' Project on the Status and Education of Women, fol¬ lowed the same authors' earlier examina¬ tion of college classroom sex bias. It revealed "things are even worse out¬ side the classroom," when class rules no longer apply. Hall sa The earlier study i favored male studeni t.ons. Hall n. report found career and aca¬ demic counselors often unconsciouslj discourage women from taking certair male-dominated majors, and consider mer more knowledgeable and career-minded. Counselors and professors also spenc less time with women students than with men outside the classroom, and give less encouragement to women who seek lead¬ ership positions on campus, the study showed. "Younger women may enter college expecting equal treatment," Hall explain¬ ed, "and young women who have never been employed in the workforce are very apt not to be aware of the differential treatment. But they're more likely to be demoralized by it." "Most 18-year-old girls don't know what happened with the women's move¬ ment in the sixties and seventies," agreed Florence Hall, educator and founder of New York's Feminist Press. "It's also true most 18-year-old males don't know what's going on. The results of the survey didn't "But it's fascinating that in 1985 we're seeing a recurrence of some of theall-too- familiar attitudes that the women's movement faced in the sixties," she con¬ tinued. "It's eas^ to slip back." While older women students often are more sensitive to sexist behavior, and are consequently better able to survive it, study author Hall warned subtle discrimi¬ nation can discourage them, too. "Returning women students very often have given a great deal of thought to their If a severe problem persists, such as financial or counseling discrimination, students should use campus grievance procedures or administrative channels, Hall advised. "The earlier study sparked a number of campus-based workshops, programs and conferences focusing on these issues," she "The schools that were more concerned about women did their own studies, and found students commenting on the chilly :n outside the classroom." The comments led to the new study, she said. But more than research is necessary, Florence Hall argued. Only one-third of all colleges provide specialized child, health care and crisis center services, and even fewer offer a full range of these services," she said. "It's important we remind ourselves that the effort to build co-ed education is not completed," she added. which their sex explained. "But is held tt s both ways." Program Continued from Page 1 Grusis, a 1973 graduate of Roosevel High School, was referred to the prograr by a helpful math department professor. "The primary thing I'm looking for is to just get my foot in the door." — Grusis Grusis may be the epitome of the current co-op student: he is a re-entry student with career goals. Majoring in mathematics and computer science, he is employed on a part-time basis by the Dow Chemical Company as a computer programmer. He feels that the practical experience he received in this capacity has proven invaluable. > "There are things I've learned at school through books that, because of the limited facilities available, 1 didn't have any hands-on experience," Grusis said. His classroom training has helped improve job knowledge and performance Grusis abandoned the "sunset" occupa¬ tion of real estate in 1979 to eventually pursue opportunities in the "sunrise" computer science field. Although he is aware of fierce com¬ petition for top jobs, he is confident that with the co-op program he will land the job he is searching for upon graduation. "Therearea lot of computer people out there," he said. "The primary thing I'm looking for is to just get my foot in the Grusis "definitely recommends" the program to a career-minded students. Students interested in Cooperative Education opportunities can call the co¬ op office at extension 2160. Classified Telephone Sales ?ur way through college. Top paid to seff-fnoovated. friendly. aogressrve persons working out of own home (805)39^725^805,393-8141 Profe-ieioncil Tiapirvg Resumes, theses, term papers, dally delivery. CSUF 2-W-SAK God « Mike Eagles Blueline Introductions Needed for research project only / Reimbursement offered. Call 221-6682 For Sale New 150 cm Hart sWs *vft7i Tyrolu bindings. SI20D0 22*-31 BO Tri-cc*xgo*dOfi Speech/Arts Burkina, flease return to the D* ly Cc*egtari advertising office. News Briefs Continued from Page 2 tion Studies, lecturer and author of books and articles in the field of i is scheduled for June 18 — July 6 and includes visits to publication and telecommunication facilities and well-known points of interest in Beijing, Nanjing, Xian, Wuxi, Hangzhou, Shanghai, and Hong Kong. The total cost is $2,898, which includes expenses and course fees Deposits of S300 may be sent to Division of Extended Education, CS U F93740-0001 or to Friend¬ ship Tours, 415 Burney St., Modesto, CA 95354 by April 15. For further information and free brochure, write to Friendship Tours, or call (209)576-7775. There will be a College Republicans 1 meeting today from 12-1 p.m. Election s of new officers will be held. Everyone is i lvitcd to attend. The Raisin Wives of California and the California Raisin Advisory Board have begun the Fourth Annual Search for candidates to seek representation of the world's largest raisin industry as National Raisin Queen for the 1985-86 fiscal year. Contest Chairman Diana Alles said the Queen and her alternates will share $2,000 in prize awards. The Queen will receive a $ 1,000 scholar¬ ship or cash award, plus a $500 clothing allowance. The first alternate will get $300 and the second alternate $200. A Miss Congeniality plaque will also be awarded. Candidates from-throughout the raisin growing area must be aged 18 to 22, high school graduates, and from a family in¬ volved in producing or packing raisins. The girl chosen National Raisin Queen will represent the industry during National Raisin Week, Cal-Expo in Sacramento, the Los Angeles County Fair in Pomona, the Fresno District Fairand other activities throughout the year. Information and application forms may be obtained by writing P.O. Box 12853, Fresno, Ca 93779, or by calling Diana Alles at (209) 275-6744 or Joy Belluomini, (209) 846-7172. Prospective candidates may also contact the California Raisin Advisory Board (209) 224-7010, or the Fresno County Farm Bureau (209) 237-0263. The work of Mark Adams will be on display at the Fresno Arts Center Jan. 29 through March 14, 1985. Adams is one of the Bay Area's most eminent artists. Adam's exquisite com¬ mand of the watercolor medium trans¬ forms the commonplace object of a still life into an eye-entrancing jewel. Displayed in the lobby will be three beautiful tapes¬ tries, for which Adams is more publicly The work of Adolf Odorfer will be on display at the Fresno Arts Center Jan. 20 through March 16, 1985. KENNOLYN CAMPS Will be at the Placement Center Tuesday, February S, 1985 from 9 to 4 to Interview for summer staff. See Placement Center for applica¬ tions. 294-2782 ROBERTO'S HAIR CARE SPECIAL: Men's Hair Cuts only $6.00 presents Winter Fashions Wed., Jan. 30 at 8 p.m. in the Satellite College Union Red Hot Guys & Girls oi I=resn6 State" cirspiiylng camping and out door equipment VreTnRsTrSaTf^SaVaaKfWateeaTaKa*^^ $2 CSUF student $3 General -Black History Celebratio (FREEDOM) (AND) (UNITY) UHURUNA TJMOJA Black students are few at CSUF California State University Fresno When Walter Robinson, attended Fresno State University in 1974, he was one of 521 black students. Today, Robinson, an FSU employee and president of the Black faculty and Staff organization, is dismayed that there are only 524 black students. ' While the FSU enrollment grew from 15 .356 in the fall of 1974 to 16,568 last fall, the percentge of black students dropped from 3.6 to 3.4. Robinson is one of the many black professionals at FSU who, along with students and blacks in the community, are concerned about the lack of progress. "1 see the university growing, but not the minority enrollments and particularly not the black enrollment," said Robinson, a counselor" in the Educational Oppor¬ tunity Program. . Sophomore Greg Barfield, president of the Pan Afrikan Student Union, assesses the situation tersely: "It's terrible here. For the last 10 years we've averaged 500 black students a year." Last year the black enrollment hit its highest mark of 587 students, but fell this year by 63 students. Campus and community blacks say the FSU statistics reflect a university that lacks a commitment to increasing black enrollments. Specifically, they cite three reasons tor the static number of black students: a The lack of a sustained outreach effort aimed at tbe black community and par¬ ticularly at high school students. See Enrollment Page 4 Black students converge at CSUF The 3rd Annual Black Student Recruit¬ ment Conference will be held this Satur¬ day, February 2, in the Satellite College Union Registration is set start at 8:00 a.m. Dr. Harold- Haak, President of CSUF, will give his welcome speech at 9:30 a.m. The B.S.R.C. is free to all students and parents who wish to attend. Lunch will be provided and there will be a dance later that night. The purpose of the B.S.R.C. is to give prospective students a chance to interact with black faculty, staff and students. Focus on non-traditional career explora¬ tion and preparing for admission into the university. While we hope that these stu¬ dents that do come to the B.S.R.C. come to CSUF, it is also intended for students interested in career exploration or consid¬ ering enrollment at any other four year institution. The Keynote speaker will be Dr. Anyim Palmer, founder of the Marcus Garvey School for Alternative Education in Los Angeles. The B.S.R.C. will also focus on life here at the University with an orientation on student leadership clubs and organizations. The B.S.R.C. is sponsored by the Pan Afrikan Student Union, Black Faculty and Staff Association, E.O.P., Core SAA- Outreach and the Associated Students, CSUF. The B.S.R.C. is a campus-wide event with contributions from many of the schools and departments on campus but we still need your help. Monitors are needed to assist students around and see that the conference runs smoothly. If you are interested please call Walter Robinson at 294-3021, Eddie Adams at 294-2048 or come out on Feb. 2 to the Satellite C.U. between 8 and 9:30 in the morning. South Africa unrest further undermine U.S relations The program for the day is as follows: 8:00-9:30 Registration 9:30-10:10 Welcome 10:10-10:55 Black Student Athletes 11:00-11:45 Workshop I 11:50-12:35 Workshop II 12:45-1:15 Lunch 1:15-2:30 Speaker 2:00 General Workshop NEW YORK — An emerging young, well-educated, politically savvy, militant leadership among the black majority is becoming increasingly threatening to the ruling white minority in South Africa, threatening to further undermine the coun¬ try's relations with the United States. "Unless the white regime can make a reasonable accommodation with the blacks — not a likely prospect — the U.S. may be forced by American and international public opinion to abandon its once pro¬ mising 'constructive engagement' policy toward South Africa," reports PARADE magazine Contributing Editor Tad Szulc. Szulc, who spent a month in South Africa interviewing senior government and opposition officals, foreign diplomats and black and mixed blood leaders and activist, says he found that the alienation between the ruling white Afrikaaner minor¬ ity and the repressed black majority "is erupting into confrontation that could grow into widespread rebellion against the whites, if not a full-fledged civil war." Contending that apartheid, the absolute separation of the races, cannot survive. Szulc said that, nevertheless, the govern¬ ment of President Pieter Willem Botha seems more, determined than ever to en¬ force its laws and regulations, which include the requirement that all nonwhites live in separate areas. Despite a new constitution that was supposed to broaden democracy, "We are experiencing increasing political segrega¬ tion and the entrenchment of apartheid," John Kane-Berman, director of the South African Institute of Race Relations in Johannesburg, told Szulc. As a result, Szulc said, the black popu¬ lation is now convinced that no conces¬ sions of any kind will be made to it in the foreseeable future. "They (the blacks) see no advantage in a free-fn|.erprise system from which they are largely excluded," declared Helen Susman, a leader of South Africa's white opposition Progressive Federal Party. "The young are becoming very radicalized...and sold on Marxist theory," she said. The blacks want a new deal," Szulc reported, "it is the gathering of an awe-
Object Description
Title | 1985_01 The Daily Collegian January 1985 |
Alternative Title | Daily Collegian (California State University, Fresno) |
Publisher | Associated Students of Fresno State, Fresno, Calif. |
Publication Date | 1985 |
Description | Daily (except weedends) during the school year. Microfilm. Palo Alto, Calif.: BMI Library Microfilms, 1986- microfilm reels; 35 mm. Vol.1, no.1 (Feb 8, 1922)- |
Subject | California State University, Fresno -- Periodicals. |
Contributors | Associated Students of Fresno State. |
Coverage | Vol.1 no.1 (Feb 8, 1922)- to present |
Format | Microfilm reels, 35 mm. |
Technical Information | Scanned at 600 dpi; TIFF; Microfilm ScanPro 2000 "E-image data" |
Language | eng |
Description
Title | Jan 30, 1985 Pg. 4- Jan 30, 1985 Uhuru Pg. 1 |
Alternative Title | Daily Collegian (California State University, Fresno) |
Publisher | Associated Students of Fresno State, Fresno, Calif. |
Publication Date | 1985 |
Description | Daily (except weedends) during the school year. Microfilm. Palo Alto, Calif.: BMI Library Microfilms, 1986- microfilm reels; 35 mm. Vol.1, no.1 (Feb 8, 1922)- |
Subject | California State University, Fresno -- Periodicals. |
Contributors | Associated Students of Fresno State. |
Coverage | Vol.1 no.1 (Feb 8, 1922)- to present |
Format | Microfilm reels, 35 mm. |
Technical Information | Scanned at 600 dpi; TIFF; Microfilm ScanPro 2000 "E-image data" |
Language | eng |
Full-Text-Search | 4 The Daily Collegian News Campus sexism 'even worse' out of class (CPS) — College \ worse" campus sexisrr room than they do ii college group claimed. Discrimination aganist female college students by male faculty and administra¬ tors extends beyond the classroom and may be more career-damaging than in- class sex bias, the group's new report In fact, sex discrimination in financial aid offices, and in career counseling and employment centers can cause women to "lose confidence, lower their academic goals and limit their academic goals and limit their career choices," study authors Roberta M. Hall and Bernice R. Sandler claimed. The study, sponsored by the Associa¬ tion of American Colleges' Project on the Status and Education of Women, fol¬ lowed the same authors' earlier examina¬ tion of college classroom sex bias. It revealed "things are even worse out¬ side the classroom," when class rules no longer apply. Hall sa The earlier study i favored male studeni t.ons. Hall n. report found career and aca¬ demic counselors often unconsciouslj discourage women from taking certair male-dominated majors, and consider mer more knowledgeable and career-minded. Counselors and professors also spenc less time with women students than with men outside the classroom, and give less encouragement to women who seek lead¬ ership positions on campus, the study showed. "Younger women may enter college expecting equal treatment," Hall explain¬ ed, "and young women who have never been employed in the workforce are very apt not to be aware of the differential treatment. But they're more likely to be demoralized by it." "Most 18-year-old girls don't know what happened with the women's move¬ ment in the sixties and seventies," agreed Florence Hall, educator and founder of New York's Feminist Press. "It's also true most 18-year-old males don't know what's going on. The results of the survey didn't "But it's fascinating that in 1985 we're seeing a recurrence of some of theall-too- familiar attitudes that the women's movement faced in the sixties," she con¬ tinued. "It's eas^ to slip back." While older women students often are more sensitive to sexist behavior, and are consequently better able to survive it, study author Hall warned subtle discrimi¬ nation can discourage them, too. "Returning women students very often have given a great deal of thought to their If a severe problem persists, such as financial or counseling discrimination, students should use campus grievance procedures or administrative channels, Hall advised. "The earlier study sparked a number of campus-based workshops, programs and conferences focusing on these issues," she "The schools that were more concerned about women did their own studies, and found students commenting on the chilly :n outside the classroom." The comments led to the new study, she said. But more than research is necessary, Florence Hall argued. Only one-third of all colleges provide specialized child, health care and crisis center services, and even fewer offer a full range of these services," she said. "It's important we remind ourselves that the effort to build co-ed education is not completed," she added. which their sex explained. "But is held tt s both ways." Program Continued from Page 1 Grusis, a 1973 graduate of Roosevel High School, was referred to the prograr by a helpful math department professor. "The primary thing I'm looking for is to just get my foot in the door." — Grusis Grusis may be the epitome of the current co-op student: he is a re-entry student with career goals. Majoring in mathematics and computer science, he is employed on a part-time basis by the Dow Chemical Company as a computer programmer. He feels that the practical experience he received in this capacity has proven invaluable. > "There are things I've learned at school through books that, because of the limited facilities available, 1 didn't have any hands-on experience," Grusis said. His classroom training has helped improve job knowledge and performance Grusis abandoned the "sunset" occupa¬ tion of real estate in 1979 to eventually pursue opportunities in the "sunrise" computer science field. Although he is aware of fierce com¬ petition for top jobs, he is confident that with the co-op program he will land the job he is searching for upon graduation. "Therearea lot of computer people out there," he said. "The primary thing I'm looking for is to just get my foot in the Grusis "definitely recommends" the program to a career-minded students. Students interested in Cooperative Education opportunities can call the co¬ op office at extension 2160. Classified Telephone Sales ?ur way through college. Top paid to seff-fnoovated. friendly. aogressrve persons working out of own home (805)39^725^805,393-8141 Profe-ieioncil Tiapirvg Resumes, theses, term papers, dally delivery. CSUF 2-W-SAK God « Mike Eagles Blueline Introductions Needed for research project only / Reimbursement offered. Call 221-6682 For Sale New 150 cm Hart sWs *vft7i Tyrolu bindings. SI20D0 22*-31 BO Tri-cc*xgo*dOfi Speech/Arts Burkina, flease return to the D* ly Cc*egtari advertising office. News Briefs Continued from Page 2 tion Studies, lecturer and author of books and articles in the field of i is scheduled for June 18 — July 6 and includes visits to publication and telecommunication facilities and well-known points of interest in Beijing, Nanjing, Xian, Wuxi, Hangzhou, Shanghai, and Hong Kong. The total cost is $2,898, which includes expenses and course fees Deposits of S300 may be sent to Division of Extended Education, CS U F93740-0001 or to Friend¬ ship Tours, 415 Burney St., Modesto, CA 95354 by April 15. For further information and free brochure, write to Friendship Tours, or call (209)576-7775. There will be a College Republicans 1 meeting today from 12-1 p.m. Election s of new officers will be held. Everyone is i lvitcd to attend. The Raisin Wives of California and the California Raisin Advisory Board have begun the Fourth Annual Search for candidates to seek representation of the world's largest raisin industry as National Raisin Queen for the 1985-86 fiscal year. Contest Chairman Diana Alles said the Queen and her alternates will share $2,000 in prize awards. The Queen will receive a $ 1,000 scholar¬ ship or cash award, plus a $500 clothing allowance. The first alternate will get $300 and the second alternate $200. A Miss Congeniality plaque will also be awarded. Candidates from-throughout the raisin growing area must be aged 18 to 22, high school graduates, and from a family in¬ volved in producing or packing raisins. The girl chosen National Raisin Queen will represent the industry during National Raisin Week, Cal-Expo in Sacramento, the Los Angeles County Fair in Pomona, the Fresno District Fairand other activities throughout the year. Information and application forms may be obtained by writing P.O. Box 12853, Fresno, Ca 93779, or by calling Diana Alles at (209) 275-6744 or Joy Belluomini, (209) 846-7172. Prospective candidates may also contact the California Raisin Advisory Board (209) 224-7010, or the Fresno County Farm Bureau (209) 237-0263. The work of Mark Adams will be on display at the Fresno Arts Center Jan. 29 through March 14, 1985. Adams is one of the Bay Area's most eminent artists. Adam's exquisite com¬ mand of the watercolor medium trans¬ forms the commonplace object of a still life into an eye-entrancing jewel. Displayed in the lobby will be three beautiful tapes¬ tries, for which Adams is more publicly The work of Adolf Odorfer will be on display at the Fresno Arts Center Jan. 20 through March 16, 1985. KENNOLYN CAMPS Will be at the Placement Center Tuesday, February S, 1985 from 9 to 4 to Interview for summer staff. See Placement Center for applica¬ tions. 294-2782 ROBERTO'S HAIR CARE SPECIAL: Men's Hair Cuts only $6.00 presents Winter Fashions Wed., Jan. 30 at 8 p.m. in the Satellite College Union Red Hot Guys & Girls oi I=resn6 State" cirspiiylng camping and out door equipment VreTnRsTrSaTf^SaVaaKfWateeaTaKa*^^ $2 CSUF student $3 General -Black History Celebratio (FREEDOM) (AND) (UNITY) UHURUNA TJMOJA Black students are few at CSUF California State University Fresno When Walter Robinson, attended Fresno State University in 1974, he was one of 521 black students. Today, Robinson, an FSU employee and president of the Black faculty and Staff organization, is dismayed that there are only 524 black students. ' While the FSU enrollment grew from 15 .356 in the fall of 1974 to 16,568 last fall, the percentge of black students dropped from 3.6 to 3.4. Robinson is one of the many black professionals at FSU who, along with students and blacks in the community, are concerned about the lack of progress. "1 see the university growing, but not the minority enrollments and particularly not the black enrollment," said Robinson, a counselor" in the Educational Oppor¬ tunity Program. . Sophomore Greg Barfield, president of the Pan Afrikan Student Union, assesses the situation tersely: "It's terrible here. For the last 10 years we've averaged 500 black students a year." Last year the black enrollment hit its highest mark of 587 students, but fell this year by 63 students. Campus and community blacks say the FSU statistics reflect a university that lacks a commitment to increasing black enrollments. Specifically, they cite three reasons tor the static number of black students: a The lack of a sustained outreach effort aimed at tbe black community and par¬ ticularly at high school students. See Enrollment Page 4 Black students converge at CSUF The 3rd Annual Black Student Recruit¬ ment Conference will be held this Satur¬ day, February 2, in the Satellite College Union Registration is set start at 8:00 a.m. Dr. Harold- Haak, President of CSUF, will give his welcome speech at 9:30 a.m. The B.S.R.C. is free to all students and parents who wish to attend. Lunch will be provided and there will be a dance later that night. The purpose of the B.S.R.C. is to give prospective students a chance to interact with black faculty, staff and students. Focus on non-traditional career explora¬ tion and preparing for admission into the university. While we hope that these stu¬ dents that do come to the B.S.R.C. come to CSUF, it is also intended for students interested in career exploration or consid¬ ering enrollment at any other four year institution. The Keynote speaker will be Dr. Anyim Palmer, founder of the Marcus Garvey School for Alternative Education in Los Angeles. The B.S.R.C. will also focus on life here at the University with an orientation on student leadership clubs and organizations. The B.S.R.C. is sponsored by the Pan Afrikan Student Union, Black Faculty and Staff Association, E.O.P., Core SAA- Outreach and the Associated Students, CSUF. The B.S.R.C. is a campus-wide event with contributions from many of the schools and departments on campus but we still need your help. Monitors are needed to assist students around and see that the conference runs smoothly. If you are interested please call Walter Robinson at 294-3021, Eddie Adams at 294-2048 or come out on Feb. 2 to the Satellite C.U. between 8 and 9:30 in the morning. South Africa unrest further undermine U.S relations The program for the day is as follows: 8:00-9:30 Registration 9:30-10:10 Welcome 10:10-10:55 Black Student Athletes 11:00-11:45 Workshop I 11:50-12:35 Workshop II 12:45-1:15 Lunch 1:15-2:30 Speaker 2:00 General Workshop NEW YORK — An emerging young, well-educated, politically savvy, militant leadership among the black majority is becoming increasingly threatening to the ruling white minority in South Africa, threatening to further undermine the coun¬ try's relations with the United States. "Unless the white regime can make a reasonable accommodation with the blacks — not a likely prospect — the U.S. may be forced by American and international public opinion to abandon its once pro¬ mising 'constructive engagement' policy toward South Africa," reports PARADE magazine Contributing Editor Tad Szulc. Szulc, who spent a month in South Africa interviewing senior government and opposition officals, foreign diplomats and black and mixed blood leaders and activist, says he found that the alienation between the ruling white Afrikaaner minor¬ ity and the repressed black majority "is erupting into confrontation that could grow into widespread rebellion against the whites, if not a full-fledged civil war." Contending that apartheid, the absolute separation of the races, cannot survive. Szulc said that, nevertheless, the govern¬ ment of President Pieter Willem Botha seems more, determined than ever to en¬ force its laws and regulations, which include the requirement that all nonwhites live in separate areas. Despite a new constitution that was supposed to broaden democracy, "We are experiencing increasing political segrega¬ tion and the entrenchment of apartheid," John Kane-Berman, director of the South African Institute of Race Relations in Johannesburg, told Szulc. As a result, Szulc said, the black popu¬ lation is now convinced that no conces¬ sions of any kind will be made to it in the foreseeable future. "They (the blacks) see no advantage in a free-fn|.erprise system from which they are largely excluded," declared Helen Susman, a leader of South Africa's white opposition Progressive Federal Party. "The young are becoming very radicalized...and sold on Marxist theory," she said. The blacks want a new deal," Szulc reported, "it is the gathering of an awe- |