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baloraaataiiiajiyioomi'iniyen- dtonca at the inaugural concert of the PfiMp Loran? Memorial Keyboard Concarta eariea on September 22 at tne WMNMrrj ConeartHrfontheCSUFcaro- Studlaa Program and rrraeno. School and Yerevan Conoorva- A t**thm of Yarawan, Bafufchanian lory ofNutfftwhara ha aliiriari haebaen a race* ptfee winner fcr **hAnaWtBogdanianto*ede- aav^ofmaw^aVa^oua cade.6abafchantanw-»«fc™d irapmaooaaf pttno oonqpaanona, minaawBoawinmgtncaman- tocftxflng the V«i CUbum, the taiy of the Unth Van C»bm DuMn,tfioGfettBaehauar,andtha CorapaWon, A Ufa In Mbafc, wtetem Rappee. wiacnaaearnemmraacmrDo Bebakhanlan studied at Mm Karabagh's legacy explored in new book *t By Barlow Der Mugrdechian AHISTORYOFQARABAGH: An Annotated Translation of Mirza Jamal Javanshir Qarabaghi's Torikh-e Qorobagh by George A. Boumoutian. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Pub¬ lishes, 1994. 157 pp. 5 maps. This handsomely bound and produced book sheds new light on an issue, the Armenian- Azerbaijani dispute over the his¬ torical claim to Karabagh, which is much in the news. Since the dissolution of the former Soviet Union in 1991 ami even earlier, beginning in 1988, the question as to the even¬ tual political fate of Karabagh has turned into a full scale war of aggression waged by Azerbaijan against the Arme¬ nians of Karabagh. Six years of warfare, including the targeting of civilian populations by air¬ craft have not been able to sup¬ press the spirit of the Arme¬ nians. The academic debate, whffc waged with weapons different than guns and planes, has be¬ come increasingly contentious in the past few years. The Azerbaijani government attempt to distort the history of the Karabagh region has reached .new heights under the leader¬ ship of the Azerbaijan Acad¬ emy of Sciences. That is why the work by George Boumoutian is so valuable, not only to schol¬ ars but also to the general pub¬ lic. George A. Bournoutian, a scholar and teacher with a firm grasp of Armenian, Persian, Russian, and Turkish, has previ¬ ously focused his attention on Ar¬ menia under Persian rule, especially in the eighteenth to nineteenth cen¬ turies (cf. 77ie Khanate of Erevan under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828). The volume under review ex¬ amines a primary source for the history of Karabagh during the sev¬ enteenth and eighteenth centuries. Most of the primary sources on the history of Karabagh for the period are in Persian. The earliest work is one'by Mirza Jamal Javanshir Qarabaghi, which Boumoutian has translated, and added material to, to make the current volume. Mirza Jamal (1774-1853) was the scion of the well-known Javanshir family, hereditary rulers in an area which encompasses today's Karabagh. During his life¬ time, Mirza Jamal was an eye-wit¬ ness to most of the major political changes which occurred in the re¬ gion of Karabagh. He spent most of his life in official service, as a pro¬ vincial secretary whereby he had access to most of the correspon¬ dence between neighboring em¬ pires. Mirza Jamal's history is un¬ dated, but internal evidence sug¬ gests it was written between 1840- 1844. Boumoutian uses the 1877/ 1878 version of the manuscript, (there are perhaps three variant manuscript versions), and details the authenticity of the manuscript In his introduction, Bfcurooutian carefully details the three other Persian primary sources for the period in question, and dis¬ cusses their relationship and use¬ fulness compared with Mirza Jamal's history. Chronicles of the history of the shahs of Iran from the seventeenth to the nineteenth cen¬ turies are also adequately dis¬ cussed to give a fuller picture of the available resources for study. Arab and Persian geographers are also cited as sources for the study of the region. Bournoutian also outlines the Armenian presence in Karabagh from the second cen¬ tury to the present, in a clear and convincing manner. The body of the text, di¬ vided into seven chapters, is Mirza Jamal's account of the history of the region. It is fol¬ lowed by a bibliography, index, and then a facsimile copy of the text (in Persian) used in the translation. The five maps at the begin- nirtg-of the text are extremely useful in situating and familiar¬ izing the reader to die general area. Specific area maps of Karabagh in the late eighteenth century are particularly useful. In the continuing academic debate, this volume is a wel¬ come objective addition. Since it comes, from an eyewitness source, the history speaks for itself in demonstrating the an¬ cient Armenian presence on the land. Bournoutian* s careful at¬ tention to detail in the introduc¬ tion adds necessary explanatory material. For the general reader, the work answers many questions about the history of Karabagh. For specialists, the book pro¬ vides meaningful material. For all those who care to enter the waters muddied by official Azerbaijani distortion and fal¬ sification, this work is essential reading. TEACH, from p. ference in perception and ori¬ entation,'* Bedirian said. *'Arme- nians simply had attitudes and ways of doing things that were different from those of Americans." Der Mugrdechian also helped to break down the barriers of the past In teac hi ng Engl ish at Yerevan State University, Der Mugrdechian worked with students who werr accustomed to classroom dictation drills and textbooks that depicted life in Britain during the 1940s. ' Along with incorporating.re- cent articles from newspapers and magazines into her curricu!um, Der Mugrdechian involved her students in real-world role play settings and introduced new techniques to broaden their vocabulary/ "They were very pleased that they could talk freely without be¬ ing constantly corrected," Der Mugrdechian explained, "and that they could write in their journals without having their books returned all marked up." Toomajanian's contributions were more at a personal level. Teaching a psychology class to teenagers, Toomajanian became a sounding board for the feelings and aspirations of her students. "I-think they appreciated feeling free to question, to express their feelings, and hearing my fresh point of view as an American," Toomajanian said. ' Hope for the future The people Also implanted, al¬ most inexplicably, a sense of hope among the TFA participants. Der Mugrdechian sees alight at the end of the tunnel for Armenia, even if it is not yet apparent to the people of the republic. In the meantime, those beyond Armenia's borders have a role to play in guiding the country forward. *k "When Armenians see people from abroad working there for $2 a month, it's very uplifting for their morale. They see that there are people who care about them. Any¬ one who comes is very, very im¬ portant," emphasized Der Mugrdechian. "I saw many things," Bedirian later reflected, "that led me to be¬ lieve that whatever is decent and worthy in Armenia will be pre¬ served — an incorrigible sense of humor and generosity among the people for one — and for another a cultural heritage that refuses to die." For more Information Those interested in participat¬ ing in the TFA program should contact Barlow Der Mugrdechian of the Armenian Studies Program, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, California, 93740-0004. Applications for the Fall 1995 and Spring 1996 semesters are now being accepted. Call 209-278-2669 for an information packet COX, from p.1 every other month, was espe¬ cially destructive. Beginning in January of 1992, the Azeris an¬ nounced that GRAD missies would be used against the civilian popula¬ tion. Up to 400 missiles a day rained upon Stepanakert, with each mis¬ sile capable of destroy ing an apart¬ ment building. Supplies had been totally cut off to the city. Armenians waited up to five hours a day in the freez¬ ing cold to g*Bt two buckets of wa¬ ter. Though living in dark and cold cellars they kept up aheir spirits by performing plays. Where was the United Nations and the world community when 40% of Artsakh was overrun? Where was the condemnation of Azeri aggression? Asked the defi¬ ant speaker who admits that three and half years ago she would not have known where to find Karabagh. Lady Cox outlined five major themes concerning her humanitar¬ ian and human rights work: 1) Azerbaijan as the primary aggressor in the war, 2) challenges involved in pro¬ viding humanitarian aid to Karabagh, 3) brief chronology of events in the area, 4) the way ahead, 5) tribute to the people of Karabagh. *X Her frequent visits to Karabagh have moved her and Christian Soli¬ darity International from complete i mpartiaTi ty to advocacy on the part of the Armenians of Karabagh. The evidence points to an asymmetry of aggression in the conflict There is incontrovertible proof that Azerbaijan is a primary aggressor for five reasons. a) The' brutal deportation ef¬ forts attempting to force out Arme¬ nians out of Karabagh. — 'K, b) An asymmetry of violence of human rights. Azerbaijan has blockaded both Armenia and Karabagh, assisted by Turkey. Ar¬ menia and Karabagh are for the - most part cut off from the rest of the world. c) The Azeris were the first to use weapons of indiscriminate ter¬ ror against a civilian population. d) Only Azerbaijan has uti¬ lized aerial bombing, with cluster bombs that cause Multiple injuries to civilians. e) Only Azeris uses ground to . air missiles designed to detonate at a height calculated to cause maxi¬ mum damage, and to. which chil¬ dren and civilians are especially vulnerable. These five points caused Chris¬ tian Solidarity International (CSI) to consider Armenians as primary victims. CSI tries to assist and to be a voice for people who are victims of aggression. Many of the major aid organi¬ zations will not and cannot for po¬ litical reasons enter Karabagh due to the fact the region is not recog¬ nized as an independent country and the government of Azerbaijan refuses to allow assistance to reach Karabagh. The civilians of Karabagh have suffered terribly through bombing. Faced with the challenge of not being able to turn to an estab¬ lished organization Lady Cox con¬ tacted CSI to help. Within two weeksofher initial visit to Karabagh she found and acquired many tons S*eCOX, Pages
Object Description
Title | 1994_11 The Daily Collegian November 1994 |
Alternative Title | Daily Collegian (California State University, Fresno) |
Publisher | Associated Students of Fresno State, Fresno, Calif. |
Publication Date | 1994 |
Description | Daily (except weedends) during the school year. Microfilm. Palo Alto, Calif.: BMI Library Microfilms, 1986- microfilm reels; 35 mm. Vol.1, no.1 (Feb 8, 1922)- |
Subject | California State University, Fresno -- Periodicals. |
Contributors | Associated Students of Fresno State. |
Coverage | Vol.1 no.1 (Feb 8, 1922)- to present |
Format | Microfilm reels, 35 mm. |
Technical Information | Scanned at 600 dpi; TIFF; Microfilm ScanPro 2000 "E-image data" |
Language | eng |
Description
Title | November 1, 1994, Hye Sharzhoom Page 6 |
Alternative Title | Daily Collegian (California State University, Fresno) |
Publisher | Associated Students of Fresno State, Fresno, Calif. |
Publication Date | 1994 |
Description | Daily (except weedends) during the school year. Microfilm. Palo Alto, Calif.: BMI Library Microfilms, 1986- microfilm reels; 35 mm. Vol.1, no.1 (Feb 8, 1922)- |
Subject | California State University, Fresno -- Periodicals. |
Contributors | Associated Students of Fresno State. |
Coverage | Vol.1 no.1 (Feb 8, 1922)- to present |
Format | Microfilm reels, 35 mm. |
Technical Information | Scanned at 600 dpi; TIFF; Microfilm ScanPro 2000 "E-image data" |
Language | eng |
Full-Text-Search | baloraaataiiiajiyioomi'iniyen- dtonca at the inaugural concert of the PfiMp Loran? Memorial Keyboard Concarta eariea on September 22 at tne WMNMrrj ConeartHrfontheCSUFcaro- Studlaa Program and rrraeno. School and Yerevan Conoorva- A t**thm of Yarawan, Bafufchanian lory ofNutfftwhara ha aliiriari haebaen a race* ptfee winner fcr **hAnaWtBogdanianto*ede- aav^ofmaw^aVa^oua cade.6abafchantanw-»«fc™d irapmaooaaf pttno oonqpaanona, minaawBoawinmgtncaman- tocftxflng the V«i CUbum, the taiy of the Unth Van C»bm DuMn,tfioGfettBaehauar,andtha CorapaWon, A Ufa In Mbafc, wtetem Rappee. wiacnaaearnemmraacmrDo Bebakhanlan studied at Mm Karabagh's legacy explored in new book *t By Barlow Der Mugrdechian AHISTORYOFQARABAGH: An Annotated Translation of Mirza Jamal Javanshir Qarabaghi's Torikh-e Qorobagh by George A. Boumoutian. Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Pub¬ lishes, 1994. 157 pp. 5 maps. This handsomely bound and produced book sheds new light on an issue, the Armenian- Azerbaijani dispute over the his¬ torical claim to Karabagh, which is much in the news. Since the dissolution of the former Soviet Union in 1991 ami even earlier, beginning in 1988, the question as to the even¬ tual political fate of Karabagh has turned into a full scale war of aggression waged by Azerbaijan against the Arme¬ nians of Karabagh. Six years of warfare, including the targeting of civilian populations by air¬ craft have not been able to sup¬ press the spirit of the Arme¬ nians. The academic debate, whffc waged with weapons different than guns and planes, has be¬ come increasingly contentious in the past few years. The Azerbaijani government attempt to distort the history of the Karabagh region has reached .new heights under the leader¬ ship of the Azerbaijan Acad¬ emy of Sciences. That is why the work by George Boumoutian is so valuable, not only to schol¬ ars but also to the general pub¬ lic. George A. Bournoutian, a scholar and teacher with a firm grasp of Armenian, Persian, Russian, and Turkish, has previ¬ ously focused his attention on Ar¬ menia under Persian rule, especially in the eighteenth to nineteenth cen¬ turies (cf. 77ie Khanate of Erevan under Qajar Rule, 1795-1828). The volume under review ex¬ amines a primary source for the history of Karabagh during the sev¬ enteenth and eighteenth centuries. Most of the primary sources on the history of Karabagh for the period are in Persian. The earliest work is one'by Mirza Jamal Javanshir Qarabaghi, which Boumoutian has translated, and added material to, to make the current volume. Mirza Jamal (1774-1853) was the scion of the well-known Javanshir family, hereditary rulers in an area which encompasses today's Karabagh. During his life¬ time, Mirza Jamal was an eye-wit¬ ness to most of the major political changes which occurred in the re¬ gion of Karabagh. He spent most of his life in official service, as a pro¬ vincial secretary whereby he had access to most of the correspon¬ dence between neighboring em¬ pires. Mirza Jamal's history is un¬ dated, but internal evidence sug¬ gests it was written between 1840- 1844. Boumoutian uses the 1877/ 1878 version of the manuscript, (there are perhaps three variant manuscript versions), and details the authenticity of the manuscript In his introduction, Bfcurooutian carefully details the three other Persian primary sources for the period in question, and dis¬ cusses their relationship and use¬ fulness compared with Mirza Jamal's history. Chronicles of the history of the shahs of Iran from the seventeenth to the nineteenth cen¬ turies are also adequately dis¬ cussed to give a fuller picture of the available resources for study. Arab and Persian geographers are also cited as sources for the study of the region. Bournoutian also outlines the Armenian presence in Karabagh from the second cen¬ tury to the present, in a clear and convincing manner. The body of the text, di¬ vided into seven chapters, is Mirza Jamal's account of the history of the region. It is fol¬ lowed by a bibliography, index, and then a facsimile copy of the text (in Persian) used in the translation. The five maps at the begin- nirtg-of the text are extremely useful in situating and familiar¬ izing the reader to die general area. Specific area maps of Karabagh in the late eighteenth century are particularly useful. In the continuing academic debate, this volume is a wel¬ come objective addition. Since it comes, from an eyewitness source, the history speaks for itself in demonstrating the an¬ cient Armenian presence on the land. Bournoutian* s careful at¬ tention to detail in the introduc¬ tion adds necessary explanatory material. For the general reader, the work answers many questions about the history of Karabagh. For specialists, the book pro¬ vides meaningful material. For all those who care to enter the waters muddied by official Azerbaijani distortion and fal¬ sification, this work is essential reading. TEACH, from p. ference in perception and ori¬ entation,'* Bedirian said. *'Arme- nians simply had attitudes and ways of doing things that were different from those of Americans." Der Mugrdechian also helped to break down the barriers of the past In teac hi ng Engl ish at Yerevan State University, Der Mugrdechian worked with students who werr accustomed to classroom dictation drills and textbooks that depicted life in Britain during the 1940s. ' Along with incorporating.re- cent articles from newspapers and magazines into her curricu!um, Der Mugrdechian involved her students in real-world role play settings and introduced new techniques to broaden their vocabulary/ "They were very pleased that they could talk freely without be¬ ing constantly corrected," Der Mugrdechian explained, "and that they could write in their journals without having their books returned all marked up." Toomajanian's contributions were more at a personal level. Teaching a psychology class to teenagers, Toomajanian became a sounding board for the feelings and aspirations of her students. "I-think they appreciated feeling free to question, to express their feelings, and hearing my fresh point of view as an American," Toomajanian said. ' Hope for the future The people Also implanted, al¬ most inexplicably, a sense of hope among the TFA participants. Der Mugrdechian sees alight at the end of the tunnel for Armenia, even if it is not yet apparent to the people of the republic. In the meantime, those beyond Armenia's borders have a role to play in guiding the country forward. *k "When Armenians see people from abroad working there for $2 a month, it's very uplifting for their morale. They see that there are people who care about them. Any¬ one who comes is very, very im¬ portant," emphasized Der Mugrdechian. "I saw many things," Bedirian later reflected, "that led me to be¬ lieve that whatever is decent and worthy in Armenia will be pre¬ served — an incorrigible sense of humor and generosity among the people for one — and for another a cultural heritage that refuses to die." For more Information Those interested in participat¬ ing in the TFA program should contact Barlow Der Mugrdechian of the Armenian Studies Program, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, California, 93740-0004. Applications for the Fall 1995 and Spring 1996 semesters are now being accepted. Call 209-278-2669 for an information packet COX, from p.1 every other month, was espe¬ cially destructive. Beginning in January of 1992, the Azeris an¬ nounced that GRAD missies would be used against the civilian popula¬ tion. Up to 400 missiles a day rained upon Stepanakert, with each mis¬ sile capable of destroy ing an apart¬ ment building. Supplies had been totally cut off to the city. Armenians waited up to five hours a day in the freez¬ ing cold to g*Bt two buckets of wa¬ ter. Though living in dark and cold cellars they kept up aheir spirits by performing plays. Where was the United Nations and the world community when 40% of Artsakh was overrun? Where was the condemnation of Azeri aggression? Asked the defi¬ ant speaker who admits that three and half years ago she would not have known where to find Karabagh. Lady Cox outlined five major themes concerning her humanitar¬ ian and human rights work: 1) Azerbaijan as the primary aggressor in the war, 2) challenges involved in pro¬ viding humanitarian aid to Karabagh, 3) brief chronology of events in the area, 4) the way ahead, 5) tribute to the people of Karabagh. *X Her frequent visits to Karabagh have moved her and Christian Soli¬ darity International from complete i mpartiaTi ty to advocacy on the part of the Armenians of Karabagh. The evidence points to an asymmetry of aggression in the conflict There is incontrovertible proof that Azerbaijan is a primary aggressor for five reasons. a) The' brutal deportation ef¬ forts attempting to force out Arme¬ nians out of Karabagh. — 'K, b) An asymmetry of violence of human rights. Azerbaijan has blockaded both Armenia and Karabagh, assisted by Turkey. Ar¬ menia and Karabagh are for the - most part cut off from the rest of the world. c) The Azeris were the first to use weapons of indiscriminate ter¬ ror against a civilian population. d) Only Azerbaijan has uti¬ lized aerial bombing, with cluster bombs that cause Multiple injuries to civilians. e) Only Azeris uses ground to . air missiles designed to detonate at a height calculated to cause maxi¬ mum damage, and to. which chil¬ dren and civilians are especially vulnerable. These five points caused Chris¬ tian Solidarity International (CSI) to consider Armenians as primary victims. CSI tries to assist and to be a voice for people who are victims of aggression. Many of the major aid organi¬ zations will not and cannot for po¬ litical reasons enter Karabagh due to the fact the region is not recog¬ nized as an independent country and the government of Azerbaijan refuses to allow assistance to reach Karabagh. The civilians of Karabagh have suffered terribly through bombing. Faced with the challenge of not being able to turn to an estab¬ lished organization Lady Cox con¬ tacted CSI to help. Within two weeksofher initial visit to Karabagh she found and acquired many tons S*eCOX, Pages |