1965_12 The Daily Collegian December 1965

              The DaUy Consgiaa
W.IJW
Slaughter On Our
Nation's Roads
Each year the number of high¬
way deaths in toe United States
Increases drastically. In 1984,
toe casualty count was up 12 per
cent over toe previous year with
48,000 persons kUled on the na¬
tion's highways.
Of the various means of trans-
portaUon, driving Is by far the
most dangerous. To achieve an
equivalent death toll at sea, 15 to
20 giant ocean liners would have
to sink with all hands aboard
lost. In the air, It would require
around 500 Jet airplane crashes
per year--or ten each week—to
equal the highway toll.
In an annual pubUcatlon en-
entlUed *A Tragedy of Errors,*
the Travelers Insurance Com¬
pany brings to light many In¬
teresting facts regarding traffic
As might be expected, ex¬
cessive speed Is the greatest
kUler, accounting for 40.7 per
cent of all highway deaths and
Injuries In 1964. Other violations
ranking high on the list Include
driving on the wrong side of the
road, right-of-way violations and
reckless driving.
In any discussion of driving,
the age factor wUI come up. Many
contend that aU the talk about
young drivers is merely Idle
gossip, but statistics prove
otherwise. Although drivers un¬
der 25 constitute only 15 per cent
of toe driving public, they were
involved In 29.3 per cent of the
fatal accidents and 26 per cent of
toe nonfatal accidents in 1964.
Both young drivers and those over
65 are involved in more fatal ac¬
cidents than nonfatal mishaps.
'The best record Is maintained by
those In the 25 to 64 age bracket.
Another subject bound to be
raised is the sex of the drivers
Involved in accidents. Male driv¬
ers were Involved In 86.1 per cent
of all 1964 mishaps whUe females
accounted for only 13.9 per cent.
Does this Indicate that the male
Is a more dangerous driver or
merely that the average man
drives more mUes per year and
under more dangerous condi¬
tions? More specific Information
Is needed before this question can
be answered.
Finally, one should consider
the types of vehicles Involved In
fatal accidents. In 1964, some
80.2 per cent of all deaths In¬
volved passenger cars. Commer-
(Contlnued on Page 5, Col. 2)
POLICE CAR was badly damaged In this smashup     below, an officer called to tt
at Cedar and Shaw Ave. The backof the car (above)    damage.
i It sped through toe intersection. In photo (Photos by Ryan Marty)
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(Editor's note: This article was
written as part of adepthreport¬
ing project conducted by the
Fresno State College Department
of Journalism under the sponsor¬
ship of the 'Reader's Digest'
Foundation.)
By GARY WASHBURN
California's most Important
Industry — Its agriculture -- Is
currently faced with an enemy
over which man has little control.
The enemy is air poUuUon.
Leaf) vegetables, such as spin¬
ach, Romain lettuce, endive and
pinto beans, first fell vlcUm to
air pollution in the Los Angeles
basin in 1942.
Farmers and ranchers were at
first dumbfounded by tho myster¬
ious *dlsease* which was crip¬
pling their crops.
In 1944, the problem was
brought to the attention of Dr.
John T. Mlddleton, plant patholo¬
gist and director of the Air Pollu¬
tion Research Center at the Uni¬
versity of California at River¬
side.
Research faculties, at the
time, were limited and efforts to
Identify and control thealrpoUu-
tlon damage were futile.
In the fall of 19S4 grape farm¬
ers In San Bernardino County no¬
ticed that leaves had prematurely
faUen from their plants.
Grapes which had been exposed
to the sun were ruined by scald¬
ing. A field survey showed that
mere had been a premature yel¬
lowing and leaf fall In several
vineyards east ot Los Angeles
and near San Bernardino.
Many of these leaves, accord¬
ing to Dr. Mlddleton, had numer¬
ous small, discrete, brown to
black, punctate spots on their
upper surfaces.
Because It was a unique dis¬
order, the name oxidant sUpple
was applied to It to distinguish
It from other types of air pollu¬
tion injury.
But, the oxidant stipple later
proved to be only the first In a
series of disorders.
It Is esUmated that California
farmers lose about $12 mUllon
annually to smog. No agricultural
"disease* of urban development.
Air polluUon crop damage is
not limited to California. North
America's smoggy eastern sea¬
board suffers about $20 mUUon
In yearly crop damage.
Tobacco In Connecticut, vege¬
tables In New Jersey and spinach
on Long Island are Its vlcUms.
California's three most Impor¬
tant crops — cotton, alfalfa and
grapes — are extremely sensi¬
tive to the photochemical air
pollution.
The plight of the spinach farm-
I   that
tho
•mobUlty* of air pollution.
Spinach farmers once had ex¬
pansive spreads in the Los An¬
geles basin. This was In toe
1940's. Their leafy plants, how¬
ever, were dying because of toe
The farmers moved to Ventura
and San Diego CounUes, but smog
has begun spreading to these
areas and the spinach farmers
fear they wUI again have to move.
Such movement wUI not be
possible for farmers In all areas
of the state.
University of California at
Riverside researchers have
found that smog damage to plants
arises mainly from two ma¬
terials. These are ozone and
peroxyacylnltrates (PAN).
Both In turn
In the air from hydrocarbons
(gasoline refining and auto ex¬
haust) and from nitrogen oxides
(auto and steam power exhausts).
Each of these substances has a
different effect on plants.
Ozone attacks the upper sides
of older leaves whUe PAN goes
after the bottom sides of young
leaves. Ozone damage shows up
In a motUed or spotted bleached
pattern. PAN damage, on the
other hand, causes tho leaf's un¬
derside to become glazed and to
turn a bronzed or sUvered metal-
In toe casoofgranes.theleafof
a plant develops a bronze color,
yeUows and falls. Premature
bunches of grapes are exposed
to the sun and scalded.
Some smog senslUve plants
have managed to live In air pollut¬
ed areas. But tor thorn, survival
Is a struggle. Smog-stunted
plants grow more slowly because
of unknown and subtle Internal
Plants growing In smog cannot
take carbon dioxide from the air
to make their food by photosyn¬
thesis, as fast as can a plant
grown to filtered air.
The flow of water from the sou
Into the plant Is also hampered.
AU In all, a smog-afflicted plant
has a tough Ume Just trying to
keep alive.
Air pollution has even affected
home-grown plants.
Dr. Ruth Bobrov-Glater, bot¬
anist at the University of Cali¬
fornia at Los Angeles, advised
home gardeners not to throw
plants away If they don't grow
well at first. R may take them
months to get going In poUuted air.
Another vlcUm of air poUuUon,
oddly enough, Is the Ponderosa
pine. The pine trees throughout
Southern California, In general,
and In the San Bernardino moun¬
tains, in particular, were shed¬
ding their needles.
They were dying prematurely
of a mysterious malady known as
"Disease X." It Is now known
that the killer of toe pines is Uie
It Is thought that in the presence
of sunlight, nitrogen dioxide from
the smokestacks of power-plants
combines with hydrocarbons
(from the turpentine sap of the
trees) to produce a miniaturized
version of Los Angeles smog.
Here Is a case of photochemi¬
cal air poUuUon In which the hy¬
drocarbons, Instead of stemming
from men's activities, are sup¬
plied directly by nature.
Dr. W.M. Dugger Jr. and Dr.
O.C. Taylor of the University of
Riverside's Air PoUuUon Re¬
search Control (APRC) observed
that damage to plants was not as
severe when Intense smog occur-
This led to the surprising dis¬
covery that PAN damages plants
only In sunlight. A plant fumigat¬
ed with PAN In the dark Is un-
comprehenslve re-
i learn more about the
relation of air polluUon to crops,
Is under way at APRC.
LltUe Is known, for example, of
what Internal effects smog has on
plants. Most research discover¬
ies have centered on the leaves of
Not known yet, either, Is the
effect of air pollution upon anl-
More
The Daily
i days a week except
holidays and examination periods
by the Fresno State CoUege Asso¬
ciation. MaU subscrlpUons $8.00
a semester, $15.00 a year. Edi¬
torial office Business 235, tele¬
phone 222-5161, Ext. 441, 444,
448. Business office, Agriculture
220, telephone 222-5161,eat. 256.
Air Pollution  Blamed For Crippled Crops   .
Thursday, December 18, 1968
Choristers
Will Present
Yule Songs
Christmas wUI come a little
early tor those who attend today's
Christmas Assembly at 1 p.m.
In toe Music Recital Hall.
The program Is sponsored an¬
nually by the Fresno State CoUege
music department.
The CoUeglate Chorale wlU
present three Renaissance corn-
poslUons — "Resonet In Laudl-
bus" and *0 Magnum Mysterium"
by Jacob Handl and "Angelus ad
Pastores" by Jan Peeter
Sweellnck.
The chorus Is directed by Dr.
Bob Bennett. LaureU Caskey Is
accompanist.
Directed by Fred E. Dempster,
the String Orchestra wUI play
■Concerto Grosso No. 8" by Ar-
cangelo CoreUl and "Nocturne,
Op. 57* by Gabriel Faure.
Together, toe two organiza¬
tions wlU perform a Christmas
cantata, *Das Neugeborne Klnde-
leln* by Dietrich Buxtehude.
•Wassail Song" by Ralph
Vaughan WUUams and The
Twelve Days of Christmas" ar¬
ranged by Ruth Abbott wlU be
presented by the choir.
The audience will be asked to
Join in singing the traditional
"Hark, The Herald Angels Sing"
and "Deck the Halls.*
Civil Service
Forms Due
Students have only a short Ume
to pick up applications for sum¬
mer Jobs with the federal govern¬
ment, reported Mrs. Vlvlenne
Jordan, placement supervisor.
•These applications must be
postmarked by Jan. 3, 1966, In
Washington, D.C. This Is the last
opportunity to apply for these
Jobs,* Mrs. Jordan explained.
The placement office wUI be
open during  vacation, but Mrs.
The Dally CoUeglan
ested students pick up the appli¬
cation     cards    before   leaving
school Friday.
The appUcatlons wUI be given
s requesting them.
e Jobs it
•Thes
uate   student,   may apply for,'
said Mrs. Jordan.
The placement office Is located
In EducaUon-Psychology 122.
'Life' Paintings
Go On Display
StUl life paintings by students
are on display upstairs to the
college Library.
Students represented are
Gretchen Proctor, Ted Greer,
Gerald Dlas, Sharron Evans,
Joyce Schathorn, Jerry Baker and
Elizabeth Guthrie.
nlng painting class taught by As-
MaugheUL
The nine paintings wUI be on
exhibit through Jan. 14.
Requisites Listed For
2-SC Draft Deferments
Students going to coUege on
draft deferments (2-SC) who wish
to continue study In graduate
school  must have  their deter-
Seats Open For 'World' Show
Is handling toe Saturday tickets
exclusively. It is open 12:30-
3:30 p.m. through Friday. The
tickets are free with a student
body card and $2.50 without.
Celeste Kennedy choreograph¬
ed toe production. Ron Harlan
leads toe trio of musicians pro¬
viding toe music. The play Is
directed by Phillip Walker, as¬
sociate professor of speech.
Center Stages
'White America'
The North Avenue Community
Center Drama Club's production
of "In White America" tells what
It has meant to be a black man
for two centuries, from slave
ships to LltUe Rock.
Remaining performances are
scheduled nightly through Satur-
Before students start working
on that term paper they Intend
to do over vacation, they can see
•Stop The World—I Want To Get
are stUl available, although a
sell-out Is expected. The addi¬
tional performance Is scheduled
for 2 p.m. In the Arena Theatre.
There have been a few "no
shows" at evening performances
for those who care to stand and
wait.
The popular show, sold out be¬
fore opening night, has Jack
Shouse and Leanna Nelson In the
lead roles. Shouse plays •Llttle¬
chap" and Miss Nelson portrays
his wife and three loves.
Backing up the leads are Cherle
Turner and Marcla Wlesler play¬
ing Llttlechap's daughter. A
chorus of E.J. Grobe, Margo��Wangberg, Jan Pessano, Rowena
Hoyal, Jan Hewitt, JoyPatnotand
Marsha Boston sing, dance and
portray anything from office
workers to machines.
The Coll ego Theatre Box Office
'Hedda Gabler'
Auditions Today
Parts for three men and three
women in the next dramadepart-
ment play wlU be decided after
today's auditions.
All students are welcome to
try out for the openings In Hen-
rlk Ibsen's "Hedda Gabler." The
auditions will be held from
1-4:30 p.m. In Speech-Arts 35.
The play Is scheduled to open
Feb. 24 In Arena Theatre for a
nine-day run.
Scripts tor viewing before
auditioning are available from
PhUllp Wallker  In Speech-Arts
The coUege administration an¬
nounced today that there are cer¬
tain requirements to be compiled
with before a student can receive
:e on his (2-SC) draft
Dean of Students
Gordon WUson said today that
students who wish to extend their
(2-SC) deferments to do graduate
work tor a general secondary
credential or a general ele¬
mentary credential (standard
teaching credentials) must be (1)
admitted to teacher education
and (2) must apply for graduate
standing.
There are three requirements
that must be acted on if toe stu¬
dent wants an extension of his de¬
terment to study for his masters
degree. They are:
Apply for admission to grad¬
uate standing.
Take toe graduate record apti-
tude test.
Qualify for classified graduate
standing.
WUson said applications tor
admission to graduate standings
may be filed at toe Admissions
Office, Administration 105. In¬
formation concerning toe other
two requlrementa may be obtain¬
ed from the graduate office in
Administration 124.
WUson stressed two dates to
remember:
-- Applications for admission
to graduate standing should be
filed In the Admissions Offlcebe-
fore Jan. 3.
-- Students who wish to take
the graduate record aptitude test
must have their applications sub¬
mitted to toe Educational Testing
Service to Berkeley before
Dec. 31.
Yule Offer
Six Fresno families have offer¬
ed their homes to foreign students
for toe Christmas vacation,'ac¬
cording to Mrs. Margie Baxter,
FSC secretary to charge of the
arrangements. Foreign students
who do need a place to stay
should contact Mrs. Baxter In
Administration 115 or Mr. Rob¬
ert Knudsen In tho Student Activi¬
ties Office.
DiCicco's
Pizzeria ,
four Soni of
Family Billiards
530 N. Blackstone ,
(off Belmont)       AD7"
Christmas Party Goodies
Decorated Party Calcst
EDDIE'S PASTRY SHOP
for students.
"In White America,' by Martin
Duberman, Is directed by Ann
Vermel. The cast Includes PhU
Freer, Carl Young, Dorothy
Smith, Lewis Wright, Thomas
Taylor, Leroy Major, Louise
Young, Randy Roberts and Miss
DIAMO
RINGS
Wjfcwiqe<rs
¥        JowBlru
GIFTS
NDS     WATCHES
JEWELRY
Catania tt Aug o
Altamura Invite the FSC
students & faculty to enjoy
authentic   Italian   atmos-
FEATURING
•8 different types of coffee
"13 flavors of milk shake
(imported syrups)
•9 different types of sand
wiches
•Italian, pastries
HOUSE OF
CAFFE' ESPRESSO
4239 E. FountalnWayatCedar|
STEREO n. AUTO '795
ONLY $10.00 DOWN
COMPLETE INSTALLATION WITH FOUR SPEAKERS
Munlx 4-track Stereo Cartridge System, no winding or
rewinding, no stacking, no threading or turning over.
MiMtJoni rial al
£5
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STARTS FRIDAY
EXCLUSIVE VALLEY
SHOWING!!
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"Makes'Tl
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UNDER COVER
ROGUE
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EXTRA ADDEDI1 PINK PANTHER CARTOON
SHOW TIMES "ROGUE" AT 7:05 tt 10:45 'UNCLE" AT 8:4(
SPECIAL STUDENT PRICE $1.25
WITH STUDENT BODY CARD.